(流体力学与传热英文课件）08-9chapter2-3 Centrifugal pump theory.ppt

2.2.4.2 Centrifugal pump theory Theoretical head For an ideal centrifugal pump the equation interrelating the developed head and capacity is called basic equation. The basic equation can be derived from fundamental principles of fluid dynamics. In an ideal pump, liquid is assumed to flow through the unit without friction, and at any given cross section all to flow at the same velocity. As shown in the vector diagram for a single vane, Fig. This assumption in turn is equivalent to assumption that there are an infinite number of vanes, of zero thickness, at an infinitesimal distance apart. The power input to the impeller, and therefore the power required by the pump, can be calculated from the angular-momentum equation for steady flow. The velocity V has radial and tangential components Vr and Vt, respectively. The angular momentum of a mass m of fluid is therefore rmVt. 2.2-13 Since work done per second N=Tω (ω angular velocity), the power equation for an ideal pump is (where α=90o,Vt1=0) Work done per second by the impeller on the fluid equates the rate of energy transfer 2.2-14 2.2-15 Therefore, combining Eq(2.2-14) and Eq.(2.2-15) gives Since the relationship between the angular velocity and the tangential velocityωr2=u2 2.2-16 2.2-17 From Fig.3.3-10 (vector diagram at tip of vane) From Fig.3.3-10 (vector diagram at tip of vane) From Fig. 2.20 and and and and ΔH is the ideal theoretical head developed In practice, the total head across the pump is less than this due to energy dissipation in eddies and in friction. The relating the ideal theoretical developed head and the capacity of the pump The volumetric flow rate Q Where A is the cross section area of the impeller periphery, therefore the relation between head and volumetric flow. Substituting from Eq.(2.2-20 ) into Eq.(2.2-19 ) 2.2-20 Since u2, A, and β2 are constant for a given rotating speed and a given size of the pump. Eq(2.2-21 ) shows that the relation between head and volumetric