英语译林牛津版选修7Unit3：导学案（Project）.docVIP

英语译林牛津版选修7Unit3：导学案（Project） Project Doing research on the Internet 【阅读引入】 阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 Many traffic jams leave drivers puzzled as they finally reach the end of a tailback to find no visible cause for their delay.Now，a team of mathematicians have found the answer by developing a model to show how major delays occur on our roads，with no obvious cause. The model showed that a driver，slowing down below a critical speed(临界速率)when reacting to unexpected events，forces the car behind to slow down further and the next car back to reduce its speed still further.The result of this is that several miles back，cars would finally come to a stop，with drivers unaware of the reason for their delay.The model predicts that this is a very typical situation on a busy highway(above 15 vehicles per km)．The jam moves backwards through the traffic creating a so-called “backward travelling wave”，which drivers may encounter many miles upstream，several minutes after it was caused. Drivers and policy-makers have not previously known why jams like this occur，though many have put it down to the sheer volume of traffic.While this clearly plays a part in this new theory，the main issue is around the smoothness of traffic flow.According to the model，heavy traffic will not automatically lead to jams but can be smooth-flowing.This model takes into account the time delay in drivers’reactions，which leads to drivers’ braking more heavily than would have been necessary if they had identified and reacted to a problem ahead a second earlier. When a driver taps the brake，the traffic may come to a full standstill several miles behind.It really matters how hard a driver brakes—a slight braking from a driver who has identified a problem early will allow the traffic flow to remain smooth.Heavier braking，usually caused by a driver reacting late to a problem，can affect traffic flow for many miles. 1．From the passage，we learn that________. A．the new theory lacks evidence and is not