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* * * * * * * * Clustering-Based Method: Strength and Weakness Strength Detect outliers without requiring any labeled data Work for many types of data Clusters can be regarded as summaries of the data Once the cluster are obtained, need only compare any object against the clusters to determine whether it is an outlier (fast) Weakness Effectiveness depends highly on the clustering method used—they may not be optimized for outlier detection High computational cost: Need to first find clusters A method to reduce the cost: Fixed-width clustering A point is assigned to a cluster if the center of t