人工模拟不同降雨强度对贵阳市花溪区石灰土水分运移的影响.docVIP

人工模拟不同降雨强度对贵阳市花溪区石灰土水分运移的影响 　　摘要 采用人工降雨对各种降雨强度进行模拟，观测花溪区石灰土土壤水分在不同雨强下的入渗情况，总结和探讨了不同降雨强度对典型喀斯特区域石灰土土壤水分入渗的影响规律。结果表明：对于石灰土，降雨强度小于60 mm/h的降雨归类于有效降雨，≥60 mm/h的降雨归类为侵蚀性降雨。40 mm/h雨强降雨对土壤水分补充效果优于20 mm/h雨强降雨。在60～80 mm/h雨强范围的降雨是利用率最低的降雨，降雨强度越大，产流量越高，对土壤的侵蚀力越强，土壤对降雨的吸收率越低。雨强越大，土壤表层含水率变化越大，土壤水分的增加过程在降雨后20 min达到最大值然后缓慢降低。 　　关键词 石灰土；水分入渗；人工降雨；降雨强度；贵州贵阳 　　中图分类号 S714.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）06-0189-03 　　Effects of Different Rainfall Intensity on Limestone Soil Water Transport of Huaxi Area in Guiyang City 　　HAN Wen-jun PAN You-jing DU Bo 　　（College of Forestry，Guizhou University，Guiyang Guizhou 550001） 　　Abstract Different rainfall intensity was simulated by artificial rainfall，in which，the soil water infiltration situation of lime-soil sampled in Huaxi Area was observed. The influence of different rainfall intensity on soil water infiltration in typical karst area was summarized and discussed. The results showed that：for lime-soil，the rainfall intensity less than 60 mm/h should be classified into the effective rainfall，oppositely the rainfall intensity greater than or equal to 60 mm/h should be classified into the erosive rainfall. For the effect of rainfall intensity on supplying soil water，at 40 mm/h was better than at 20 mm/h. It was the lowest availability rainfall in 60～80 mm/h rainfall intensity. In this range the greater the rainfall intensity，the higher the runoff yield，the stronger the soil erosion，the lower the absorbing rate of the soil to the rainfall. The change of soil surface water content increased with the increase of rainfall intensity. The process of the soil water content increase would be reached the maximum at 20 minutes after the rainfall，and then slowly decreased. 　　Key words limestone soil；water infiltration；artificial rainfall；rainfall intensity；Guiyang Guizhou 　　土壤的入渗性能是土壤重要的水分物理性质，是反映土壤涵养水源和抗侵蚀能力的重要指标[1-3]。土壤水分入渗的能力也对植被可利用的有效水与养分产生影响[4-5]。研究[6-7]发现喀斯特坡地土壤含水量主要受降水的影响，有明显的雨季、旱季变化，土壤水分依靠降雨补充完成水分入渗的过程。 　　目前喀斯特地区土壤水分研究大多都在植被覆盖[5，8-9]、土地利用