【高考复习指导】2015届高考英语专题复习课堂讲义----第二部分 阅读精讲 第二讲段落大意题.docVIP

第二讲　段落大意题 1. 每一篇文章均是由若干个段落组成的。段落是由表述某一主题的一系列句子组成的。而对于由于文章的结构不同主题句出现的位置通常也不同：(1) 采用归纳法撰写的段落表述的事例在前概括性的观点居后主题句则位于段末。(2) 运用演绎法撰写的段落先提出观点后举例论证主题句则出现在段首。(3) 如果作者采用由事例—观点—事例的写作方式则主题句出现在段落的中间。(4) 如果文章没有明显的主题句则根据内容的提示通过逻辑推理概括出主题句。 做这类题时需快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。一 (2014·湖北卷)Working with a group of baboons(狒狒) in the Namibian desert, ons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake. She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did. The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching. This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive(认知的) tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve them, nformation from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning. 59. What is the first paragraph mainly about? A. The design of Dr. Carters research. B. The