【高考复习指导】2015届高考英语专题复习课堂讲义----第二部分 阅读精讲 第六讲　词义猜测题.docVIP

第六 1. 高考试题中生词量有增无减试题中有些问题围绕某些关键的词语加以设计来考查学生对文中关键生词的理解。这些生词大致可分为：(1) 旧词新义考查词汇表中未出现过的词义。(2) 合成词、转化词与派生词。(3) “灵活”的常用词增多这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解。(4) “新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专用名词增多这些词有些带有一定的文化背景。(5) 超纲生词。 要做好这类题首先必须熟练掌握中学英语教学大纲列出的约3 500个词汇与一定数量的短语这是最起码的要求。其次掌握必要的做题技巧也很重要。不过词汇题中所考单词的意思通常超出大纲所以根据上下文推断词义的能力在考试中显得尤其重要。这种能力可以通过下列几种方法加强：破解词汇本身的意义：方法之一是掌握构词法的基本知识。不仅平时可以用这个方法记忆大纲中的词汇考试时也可以用这个方法推测词汇意思。假如对英语词汇中包含的前缀、后缀和词根的含义或功能比较了解就2. 利用上下文线索：这里的上下文指该词所在的句子本身也包括这个句子的上下句或更远的上下文。一般而言上下文线索所提示的意义与所考词汇的关系要么为同义关系要么为反义关系。假如两者为同义关系那么所考词汇的意思就是线索提示词的意思；假如两者为反义关系所考词汇的意思就是线索提示词的反义。利用语法和逻辑：有时根据上下文提供的线索或者其他方法仍然不能得到唯一答案就可以利用语法和逻辑方面的规则来判断符合语法和逻辑规则的可能为正确答案反之则不是正确答4. 指代题：解这类题要注意代词指代总的原则——就近指代：代词指代在性(阴性或阳性)、数(单数或复数)、格(主格或宾格)、逻辑、意义、位置等方面与之接近的名词。就位置而言如上所述代词所指代的名词通常在本句或其上句之中；就数而言单数代词指代单数名词复数代词指代复数名词例如：it指代单数名词(单数可数名词或不可数名词)也可指代一个句子；they指代复数名词主格；them指代复数名词宾格；one指代单数可数名词等。除了位置、性、数和格等方面的要求外逻辑和意义也是衡量的标准也就是说正确的 (2014·江西卷)o change the way he is living at the moment. Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things.All these, however, remain true only life and a better in so far as people want to accept technology and move forward by finding new and more efficient ways of doing things. However, at the back of the minds of many people，especially those who miss the “good old days”， efficiency comes with a price. When communication becomes more efficient，people are able to contact one another no matter where they are and at whatever time they wish to.The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets,_such as mobile phones and iPads, people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally.A personal visit carries with it the additional feature of having to be in the persons presence for as long as the visit lasts. We cannot unnecessarily excuse ourselves or turn the other person off. With efficiency also comes mass production. Such is the nature of factories and the success of industrialization today.Fact