语法——非谓语动词.ppt

（3）名词 / 代词 + 形容词及其短语 The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming.Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated. （4）名词 / 代词 + 不定式及其短语 The money to be paid by the driver, the police went away.Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. * 独立主格结构 其构成为：“名词或代词(逻辑主语)＋分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语/名词”。此结构在句中可作时间、原因、条件、方式状语等。使用时，注意用逗号与句子的主体部分分隔开来。 ①The guests having left, he began to take a short rest.(时间) 客人们走了，他才开始稍微休息了一下。 * ②His leg badly hurt, he had to stay in bed.(原因) 他的腿严重受伤，他不得不待在床上。 ③The exam to be held tomorrow, I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.(原因) 因为考试明天进行，所以今晚我不能去看电影了。 ④He entered the room, his nose red with cold.(方式或伴随) 他走进房间，鼻子都冻红了。 1 * 1 * 什么是非谓 语动词啊？ “非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗! 那不是谓语 是什么呢？ 。。。。。。 * 英语中一句话只能有一个主谓结构 如果出现更多动词： 加连词（and / but / so…） 放入从句 变为非谓语动词 * 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。 She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. * 非谓语动词 动名词 分词 现在分词 动词不定式 过去分词 * 非谓语动词的句法功能 * 名称 语 法 功 能 主语 宾语 宾语补足语 表语 定语 状语 不定 式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名 词 √ √ √ √ 现在 分词 √ √ √ √ 过去 分词 √ √ √ √ 可充当成分: 主语 , 宾语, 宾语补足语, 表语, 定语, 状语. 一、不定式 一. 动词不定式的基本构成： 由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成 肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done 完成式：to have done * To do that sort of thing is foolish. I want to see you this evening All you have to do is to finish it quickly. We found a house to live in. She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补 * 常见动词有： want, decide, hope, agree, choose, wish, plan, offer, need , promise，afford，determine，ask, refuse, pretend等。 不定式作宾语 I want to know this matter. I don’t expect to meet you here. * 不定式作宾语补足语 We often hear her sing the song at home. My teacher asked me to go there on time. She was considered to have stolen the money. Force, beg, allow, wish, intend, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, permit, warn等。 (1) 常见动词有： * (2) 主