弯槽段冰塞形成临界条件的试验研究.docVIP

弯槽段冰塞形成临界条件的试验研究 　　摘要：冬季北方河流经常出现冰塞现象，而弯道处易于卡封是普遍认识，但对其形成机理的认识尚有待探索。借助于实验室的试验水槽，通过改变水流条件和冰流量条件，研究了S型弯槽和直槽冰塞形成条件，并进行对比分析，试验表明：弯槽段冰塞形成的临界Fr值大于直槽临界Fr值，即在相同水深的条件下，更大的流速时弯槽段也能形成冰塞；弯槽段能形成冰塞的Fr值范围大于直槽，故弯槽段更易形成冰塞；平衡冰塞厚度大致随着初始流速的增大而减小，随着初始水深的增大而增大，随着冰流量的增加而增加。 　　关键词：冰塞；佛汝德数；临界值；平衡冰塞厚度；试验研究 　　中图分类号：TV131 1文献标志码：A文章编号2016 　　Experimental study of critical condition of ice jam formation in a curved channel 　　WANG Tao，CHEN Pangpang，LI Shuyi，WANG Jun 　　（School of Civil Engineering，Hefei University of Technology，Hefei 230009，China） 　　Abstract： Ice jam is a common phenomenon for rives in cold regions.Lodgment and gorging can easily occur especially in curved channels.The formation of ice jam and its thickness distribution in curved channels were not fully understood.By changing the flow conditions and ice discharge in a flume in the laboratory，the condition of ice jam forming in a curved channel and straight flute was studied and comparatively analyzed.The experiment results showed that the threshold Fr number of ice jam forming for curved channel was larger than that for straight flute，that is to say under the condition of the same water depth，the bigger velocity of curved channel could also form ice jam.The Fr number of ice jam formation in a curved channel ranged larger than that in straight flute.The curved channel was more likely to form ice jam.Balance of ice jam thickness decreased with the increase of initial velocity，roughly increased as the initial water depth increased，and increased with the increase of the ice flow rule. 　　Key words：ice jam；Froude number；threshold；balance thickness；experimental study 　　高纬度地区河流在冬季常形成冰塞。冰塞的出现会增加过水断面湿周，减小冰盖下过流能力，使河道中水位急剧壅高，极易引发凌洪灾害[14]。因此，研究冰塞形成的临界条件对预防凌洪灾害具有重要的意义和实用价值[57]。 　　关于冰塞的形成演变，国内外学者进行了大量的试验研究。王军等[8]在实验室条件下，利用直槽开展了冰塞问题的相关研究，揭示了水位变化以及冰塞厚度变化的一般规律。Beltaos[911]基于弯槽试验，指出弯道水流不利于输冰，从而使天然河道中的弯道处常成为初始冰塞形成的[HJ1.9mm]地点或卡封场所。Healy和Hicks[1213]基于模型试验在动态流速条件下，对由于流量突增对冰塞形成和演变的影响进行了研究，通过试验发现，冰塞厚度在高动态流动情况下比稳定流动条件下要略薄一点