氮素形态对红菜薹根际和非根际土壤微生物数量及产量的影响.docVIP

氮素形态对红菜薹根际和非根际土壤微生物数量及产量的影响 　　摘要：采用田间小区试验，以不施氮为对照，设置酰胺态氮、铵态氮和硝态氮处理，研究了不同氮素形态对红菜薹根际和非根际土壤微生物群落及产量的影响，以期为红菜薹的科学平衡施肥以及优质高产栽培提供理论依据。结果表明，在红菜薹莲座期之前，施用铵态氮处理的根际和非根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量均显著高于其他形态氮处理，而真菌数量却显著低于其他形态氮处理；在红菜薹主薹期之后，施用硝态氮处理的根际和非根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量显著高于其他形态氮处理，其真菌数量也显著低于其他形态氮处理；施用硝态氮处理的红菜薹产量最高，为19 112.33 kg/hm2，较不施氮处理增产51.46%。因此，在考虑土壤微生物数量及红菜薹产量的情况下，建议红菜薹基肥施用铵态氮肥，追肥以硝态氮为主。 　　关键词：红菜薹；氮素形态；根际微生物；非根际微生物；产量 　　中图分类号：S143.1；S154.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2016）12-3021-05 　　DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2016.12.009 　　Abstract： Using field plot test taking no nitrogen as control and setting the amide nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen treatment， studied the effects of different nitrogen forms on the microorganisms quantity in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil and yield of purple-caitai， which could provide theoretical basis for balanced fertilization and high quality and yield cultivation of purple-caitai. The results showed that for ammonium nitrogen treated plants before rosette stage， the amount of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than other forms of nitrogen treatment， and the number of fungi was significantly lower than other forms of nitrogen treatment. However， for the nitrate nitrogen treatment after rosette， the amount of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than other forms of nitrogen treatment， while the number of fungi was also significantly lower than other forms of nitrogen treatment. Maximun Purple-caitai yield of 19 112.33 kg/hm2 was obtained for the nitrate nitrogen treated plants， which increased by 51.46% than control. Therefore， considering the microorganisms amount and the purple-caitai yield， the ammonium nitrogen treatment was suggested for basal dressing and the nitrate nitrogen for top dressing. 　　Key words： purple-caitai；nitrogen form；rhizospheric microorganism；non-rhizosphere microorganism；yield 　　土壤微生物主要指土壤中个体微小的生物体