chapter6thebacteriaandvirusinheritance选编.ppt

座位 转 化 子 类 型 trp2 his2 tyr1 数目 亲本类型 重组类型 重组值 trp2-tyr1 trp2-his2 his2-tyr1 ＋ ＋ ＋ － ＋ ＋ － － ＋ － ＋ － ＋ － － ＋ － ＋ ＋ ＋ － 11940 3660 685 418 2600 107 1180 11940 1180 13120 11940 107 12047 11940 3660 15600 2600＋107 3660＋418 6785 2600＋1180 3660＋685 8125 418＋1180 107＋685 2390 trp2＋ his2＋ try1＋× trp2－ his2－ try1－的转化子类型及重组值计算 34 13 trp2 his2 tyr1 The three possibility to engender prototroph Mutation ? Transformation ? Nutrition reciprocate ? What were these colonies and how they did they arise ? 二、conjugation(结合) Conjugation: donor cells carrying specialized plasmids establish contact with and transfer DNA to recipients. The experiment of Lederberg and Tatum Bernard Davis devised the U-shaped tube to answer these questions. The porous filter allowing the passage of liquid medium and DNA but not bacteria cells mixed strain A with strain B in a U-shaped tube. No growth No growth The experiment showed that direct cell-to-cell contact was necessary for the genetic exchange. conjugation 试验材料： A品系：A-B+ T1S(met-bio-thr+leu+T1S)； B品系：A+B- T1R(met+bio+thr-leu-T1R)。 试验方法： 将A、B品系混合接种在基本培养基表面； 短时间后喷T1杀死A品系，使其不能持续产生thr与leu供B品系持续生长。 结果与结论： 仍然出现原养型菌落。 从而表明互养并非原养型菌落出现的原因，而可能发生了遗传重组。 营养互补？ In bacteria, conjugation is a one-way transfer with one strain acting as a donor and the other as a recipient. This was demonstrated by experiments in which one or the other strain was killed before mixing. Hayes` experiment: A: met－ thr＋ leu＋ thi＋ B: met＋ thr－ leu－ thi－ Donor receptor killed occurred killed failed A strain B strain (一) The F factor and conjugation F＋ × F－ Electron micrograph of conjugation between an F＋ (upper right) and F－ (lower left) cell with the F-pilus between them. (二) the conformation of the Hfr cell whose chromosome was transferred Cells whose chromosomes carry an integrated plasmid are called Hfr bacteria, because they produce a high frequency of recombinants for chromosomal genes in mating experiments with F－ strains. For a short while the