Module 3 Music-Grammar学案（外研必修2）.docVIP

odule 3 Music Period Ⅲ Grammar Dec. 1、引导时间状语从句的连词有：as , when, while, after, before, once, since, till, until, as soon as ▲as 引导时间状语从句强调伴随，while只与连续动词连用，还有“趁”之意 eg. ①He sang as he walked. ②Strike the iron while it is hot. was / were doing when… was were about to do had just done 我正要出去这时天空突然下起了雨。 2、引导时间状语从句的词和短语有：directly immediately instantly, the instant, the moment, the minute (上述词组及词皆等于as soon as )the day , the month, the week…, every time, each time, next time, by the time eg. ①By the time you come back, I’ll have finished my work. ②He was born the year his father died. ▼使用时间状语从句时应注意：（1）当时间状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或为it时，谓语 部分又含有be时，可省从句的主语和be。 Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled. （2）在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来，用现在完成时表将来完成时。 We’ll meet again when you have graduated. 3、过去完成时 ▲过去完成时的构成形式是：had +done, 表示在过去某一时间以前或在过去某一动作以前已经 完成的动作，可以说过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。 过去完成时是一个相对的时态，在同过去的动作相比较时，才能使用。例如：By the end of last term we had learned six English books. (动作发生在上学期期末前) The train had left when we got to the station. (get to 发生在过去，leave 发生在get to 的过去) 此外，过去完成时还常用在宾语从句中。例如： He told me he had seen the film twice. She said that she had finished her homework already. ▲有些表示希望、愿望的动词如hope，think, expect, mean, intend, suppose, want等，用过去完 成时，可表示“过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图”。例如： I had hoped to see more in Beijing. 我本希望在北京多看看。（但未能如愿） 4、现在完成时与过去完成时的区别 两者的区别主要是时间的立足点不同。现在完成时的动作发生在过去，但与现在的时间有联系；而过去完成时的动作发生在过去的过去，是与过去的某个时间有联系。例如： ①We have studied English for three years. 我们已经学了三年英语。（可能继续学下去） ②We had studied English for three years before we came here. 在来这儿之前，我们已学了三年英语。（只说来这儿之前，我们已学了三年英语。与现在没有联系） Exercise 1. I came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. A. While B. When C. Once D. Since 2. in eastern Austria for 30 years, Haydn move