文法秘笈名词篇.doc

名詞的種類： 名詞的…… 用法：普通名詞有單複數之別。 單數普通名詞前面需加a、an或the 等冠詞 a, an, the +單數普通名詞 This is a desk. (o) This is desk. (x) This is the book. (o) I like the book. (o) I like book. (x) a(一個) + 子音發音開頭的名詞；an(一個) + 母音發音開頭的名詞 如：a boy 一個男孩 an eraser 一個橡皮擦 practice：請在空格中填入(a /an ) 1. pot 2. clock 3. zoo 4. ear 5. game 6. MRT 7. office 8. airport 9. man 10. apple 11. orange 12. jacket 普通名詞之前如有this、that、these、those、some、any、every、some、which......冠詞的相等語或my 、your、his、whose等所有格，則不再加冠詞a, an , the This is a my book. (x) This is a book. (o) This is my book. (o) This is a book of mine. (o) Which eraser is yours? (o) Which an eraser is yours? (x) Which the eraser is yours? (x) 複數普通名詞字尾通常要加“s”或 “es”，而前面可以不加冠詞。 These are books. (o) These are a book. (x) 複數普通名詞用many(很多)，few(少數)等字修飾，而不用much(很多), little(少數)等。 many(很多) , a lot of (很多) + 複數名詞 few(極少數), a few(少數) Many students know it. (o) Few boys have it. (o) Much students know it . (x) He has a lot of books. (o) He has a lot of book. (x) 表示同種類的全體 a, an, the + 單數名詞 可用以表示總稱 不加冠詞的複數名詞 A dog is a useful animal. 狗是有用的動物 =The dog is a useful animal. =Dogs are useful animals. (二)、集合名詞：同種類的人或動物等的集合體的名稱叫做集合名詞。 如：police （警察） crowd （群眾） family (家庭、家人) class (班級、班上的人) people (民族、人們) team (隊、隊員) 集合名詞的用法： 當集合名詞視為一個單位(看成一整體)時，動詞要用 “單數”動詞， 如果有數個單位時，當然要用 “複數”形，如： Our class is a large one. 我們班是一個大班級 My family is a large one. 我的家庭是個大家庭 There are two families in the house. 在這間房子裡有兩個家庭 The Chinese is a peace-loving people. 中國人是愛好和平的民族 There are many different peoples in Asia. 在亞洲有許多民族 當集合名詞指集合體裡面的各個成員(組成份子)時，須以單數形作複數，則動詞要用 “複數形”。如： His family are all kind and friendly. 他的家人都很親切友善 People who like to exercise are healthy. 喜歡運動的人們很健康 Our team were we