选修8UNIT2词汇讲解.docVIP

Unit 2　Cloning 1．differ vi.不同；相异 Think about how they differ. (教材P10)想一想他们如何不同。 ①differ from sb./sth.与某人/某物不同 differ from /with sb. about/on sth.关于某事与某人有异议 differ in...在……方面不同 ②make a difference有影响，很重要 the difference between A and B　A与B之间的不同 ③be different from sb.in...在……方面不同于某人 differ from 表示相互有别，不同于……。 differ with 指不同意某人的意见或与某人意见不同。 2．exact adj.准确的；精确的；严谨的；一丝不苟的 It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant.(教材P11)这是一种用来生产与原型完全相同的动植物的方法。 exactly adv.确切地；究竟；到底 to be exact确切地说(＝exactly speaking) not exactly不完全；一点也不；根本不 Exactly speaking，the result is wrong. 确切地说，这个结果不正确。 3．The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouraging. (教材P11) 看来多莉是在正常地成长着，这很令人鼓舞。 句中that引导同位语从句来说明fact的具体内容。 同位语从句可由when，where，how，why，that，whether等词引导。同位语从句一般放在idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，question等抽象名词之后，用以说明抽象名词的具体内容。有时为了保持句子的平衡，同位语从句还可以放在动词的后面。 (2013·浙江高考)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. A．how　　　　　　B．that C．which D．whether 4．Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.(教材P11) 克隆植物简单，但克隆动物就很复杂了。 while在本句中表示“对比”关系。表示同类事物之间的对比，常译作“然而，可是”。 while的另外两个重要的含义： ①while作从属连词，意为“当……的时候”。 ②while作从属连词，意为“虽然，尽管”，表示让步关系。 (2012·四川高考)At school，some students are active________some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another. A．while B．although C．so D．as 5．undertake vt.(undertook，undertaken)着手；从事；承担；承诺；答应 It is a difficult task to undertake.(教材P11) 这是一项很难完成的任务。 The United Nations was supposed to undertake the responsibility for global peace keeping. 联合国应承担维护世界和平的责任。 ①undertake a task/responsibility承担任务/责任 undertake to do sth.同意、答应或着手做某事 undertake for...为……负责 undertake thatclause 保证…… ②undertaking n．任务；事业；企业 He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答应在一个月之内还钱。 6．pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 But at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a brea pay sth.off全部