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Henry David Thoreau(1817-1862) Walden Civil Disobedience What is Transcendentalism? Transcendentalism is a group of ideas in literature and philosophy that developed in the 1830s and 1840s as a protest against the general state of culture and society, and in particular, the state of intellectualism at Harvard University and the doctrine of the Unitarian church taught at Harvard Divinity School. Among the transcendentalists core beliefs was the belief in an ideal spirituality that transcends the physical body and is realized only through the individuals intuition, rather than through the doct