第8讲 被动语态.ppt

第8讲　被动语态 1．语态的分类 英语有主动、被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，即“主语做 某事”；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即“主语被……”，因此当我们想表 示“主语被……”时，要用被动语态。 2．基本结构：be＋PP (1)人称及时态等的变化体现在be动词上，pp永远不变。 各种被动语态如下： 一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are＋PP一般过去时的被动语态was/were＋PP 一般将来时的被动语态am/is/are going to be＋PPwill be＋PP过去将来时的被 动语态was/were going to be＋PPwould be＋PP现在进行时的被动语态 am/is/are being＋PP过去进行时的被动语态was/were being＋PP现在完成时 的被动语态have/has been＋PP过去完成时的被动语态had＋been＋PP(2)带情 态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋pp 3．主动语态变被动语态的基本方法如下： We clean our classroom every day. →Our classroom is cleaned by us every day. 注意： (1)代词的变化：宾格代词被提前作主语时要变为主格，主格代词作by的宾语时 要变为宾格。 (2)带双宾语的动词变被动时，一般将间接宾语提前作主语，而将直接宾语留下。 也可将直接宾语提前作主语，但要在留下的间接宾语前添上介词to或for。 Father bought me a book yesterday. →I was bought a book by father yesterday. ＝A book was bought for me yesterday. She lent me five pounds. →I was lent five pounds by her. ＝Five pounds was lent to me by her. (make, buy, get, sing, draw, find等用for，其他如show, pass, give, send, lend等用to) (3)动词短语变被动语态时，其中的介词或副词不能省略。 The old must be taken good care of. The womans mistake was laughed at by everyone. (4)接不定式作宾语补足语的动词变被动时，其后的不定式一律不能省略to，如 make/listen to/hear/look at/watch/see/feel/notice等要变为be made/ listened to/heard/looked at/watched/seen/felt/noticed to do sth. The boss makes him work day and night. →He is made to work day and night. Someone saw you enter my room. →You were seen to enter my room. 而接doing作宾语补足语的动词变被动时，doing留下不变。 I saw him running on the playground just now. He was seen running on the playground just now. (5)被动语态中，如不需要说明动作的执行者，by＋宾语可省略。 4．不用被动语态的情况 (1)不及物动词或动词短语没有被动语态，也不能用被动语态。 He was laughed by the listeners.() He was laughed at by the listeners.(√) Great changes have been taken place here.() Great changes have taken place here.(√) (2)连系动词如get, turn, seem, appear, look, sound， smell，taste, feel等没有被动语态，也不能用被动语态。 The stone feels cold and hard.(√) The stone is felt cold and hard.() (3)有些动词如write, sell, wash, break, wear, read，bur