从右到左书写.ppt

13.2-1 The Two-Level Pumping System. Write the rate equations for a two-level system, showing that a steady-state population inversion cannot be achieved by using direct optical pumping between levels 1 and 2. 题意：证明在直接光泵浦下，双能级系统不能够实现稳定的粒子数反转、 方法：用速率方程求解 13.2-1 The Two-Level Pumping System. 图13.2-3：外加泵浦下能级粒子的跃迁示意图 对于采用光泵浦的二能级系统，则上图可改写为: 13.2-1 The Two-Level Pumping System. 如上图, 在二能级系统中 ，R1=R2=R 原跃迁方程为： 则二能级跃迁方程为： 13.2-1 The Two-Level Pumping System. 在平衡状态： 因为此处使用光源作为泵浦，所以泵浦对于双能级系统相当于增加了一对受激吸收和受激辐射可以改写成 R=W（N1-N2） 所以不可能有稳定的粒子数反转。 * * * 其他冷却，输出装置 * * * * * 3.1-1 Beam Parameter. 3.2-1 Beam Focusing. An argon-ion laser produces a Gaussian beam of wavelength =488 nm and waist radius W0=0.5 mm. Design a single-lens optical system for focusing the light to a spot of diameter 100 um. What is the shortest focal-length lens that may be used? 题意：氩离子激光器发射束腰半径0.5mm的488nm高斯光束，设计单透镜使之聚焦光斑直径达100um。如何能够焦距最短？ 方法： 书上已经给出了一个聚焦高斯光束的方法——让束腰落在透镜的物方 主平面上，我们可以根据这个结论直接求解。但这样解出的结果并不 是非常准确，用高斯光束经过透镜系统后的公式推导结果比较准确 3.2-1 Beam Focusing. 由(3.2-5)及(3.2-9)得： 3.2-1 Beam Focusing. 函数图像： 故z=0.1z0即f=161.75mm时， f取得最小值. 3.2-2 Spot Size. A Gaussian beam of Rayleigh range z0 =50cm and wavelength λ=488nm is converted into a Gaussian beam of waist radius using a lens of focal length f=5cm at a distance z from its waist, as illustrated in Fig. 3.2-2. Write a computer program to plot Wd as a function of z. Verify that in the limit z-fz0(3.2-10) and (3.2-12) hold; and in the limit zz0 (3.2-13) holds.