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Memory System Characterization of Commercial Workloads商业工作负载的存储系统特性
MEMORY SYSTEM CHARACTERIZATION OF COMMERCIAL WORKLOADS Authors: Luiz André Barroso (Google, DEC; worked on Piranha) Kourosh Gharachorloo (Compaq, DEC; worked on Dash and Flash) Edouard Bugnion (one of the original founders of VMware; also worked on SimOS) Presented by: David Eitel, March 31, 2010 Types of Commercial Applications Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) Decision Support Systems (DSS) Web Index Search (WIS) Source: S. Brin and L. Page. “The Anatomy of a Large-Scale Hypertextual Web Search Engine.” Benchmarks Oracle Database Engine TPC-B Banking Benchmark for OLTP TPC-D Benchmark for DSS (read-only queries) AltaVista Sources: /images/Banking-Coins.jpg, /2009/04/databases.jpg, /web_design/popular-search-engines-in-the-90s-then-and-now/ Monitoring Results Source: Fig. 4 OLTP has more complex queries than DSS/AV Important to have low-latency to non-primary caches because OLTP working set is very large. Cache misses for DSS are low – misses on large database tables. Icache = instruction cache Dcache = data cache Scache = secondary cache Bcache = board-level cache Big CPI! Lots of Bcache misses Breakdown of the execution time misses Sum of single- and dual-issue cycles Pipeline and address translation related stalls 75% mem stalls Scache = secondary cache Bcache = board-level cache Simulation Results for OLTP Source: Fig. 5 Associativity Cache Size Data capacity/ Conflict misses INST = instruction execution CACHE = stalls within cache hierarchy MEM = memory system stalls Idle time increases with bigger caches. The I/O latency cannot be hidden with faster processing rates. Faster processing rates with a more efficient memory system = more commits ready for the log writer (I/O). OLTP benefits from larger Bcaches. More Simulation Results (OLTP and DSS) DSS works well with current sized caches because the working sets are small (few misses in on-chip caches) Replacement/instr miss rate are not affected by line size ? good for larger cache sizes. False s
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