Molecular Geometry FBISD Campuses分子几何fbisd校区.pptVIP

Molecular Geometry Lewis Structures and VSEPR Theory Lewis Structures Also known as electron dot structures Shows the positions and bonds of each atom in a molecule Example below will be used to illustrate the 6 steps for creating Lewis Structures. Draw the Lewis structure of iodomethane, CH3I. Lewis Structures: Step 1 Determine the type and number of atoms in the molecule. Lewis Structures: Step 2 Write the electron-dot structure for each type of atom in the molecule. Lewis Structures: Step 3 Determine the total number of valence electrons in the atoms to be combined. Lewis Structures: Step 4 Arrange the atoms to form a skeleton structure for the molecule. If carbon is present, it is the central atom. Otherwise, the least-electronegative atom is central (except for hydrogen, which is never central). Then connect the atoms by drawing straight-line bonds. Each line represents two valence electrons. Lewis Structures: Step 5 Make sure the central atom has four bonds going to it – if it doesn’t add double or triple bonds to get there. Add unshared electrons so that each hydrogen atom shares a pair of electrons and each other nonmetal is surrounded by eight electrons. Lewis Structures: Step 6 Count the electrons in the structure to be sure that the number of valence electrons used equals the number available. Resonance Structures Sometimes we can draw two or more equally valid Lewis structures for a given molecule. Resonance Structures In the past, chemists thought the actual molecule switched between these two structures – the molecule resonated between the two options Modern tests show that the molecule has two bonds of equal length (a 1.5 bond) We can’t draw a 1.5 bond, so we draw the two resonance structures instead Put a double-head arrow between the two choices VSEPR Theory Valence Shared Electron Pair Repulsion theory Electrons have negative charges Negatives repel other negatives This repulsion means the electron pairs around an atom spread out as much as po