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Generation of Referring Expressions: the State of the Art SELLC Winter School, Guangzhou 2010 Kees van Deemter Computing Science University of Aberdeen Guangzhou, Dec 2010 Open Questions in GRE Guangzhou, Dec 2010 Open Questions in GRE Your input is welcome! suggestions about other open questions? ideas about answering them Guangzhou, Dec 2010 OQ1: Reference in context How can existing GRE algorithms be adapted to produce appropriate references in a (discourse or) dialogue context? Much work exists on the choice between broad categories, e.g., pronoun vs. full NP vs demonstrative (Poesio et al; Piwek). This does not help to decide what NP to choose. Integration with GRE is needed. Pioneering accounts are available (Krahmer Theune 2002, Siddharthan Copestake 2004, Stoia et al 2007), but these are tentative and largely untested. Dialogue requires modelling of interaction between speaker and hearer (e.g., alignment and collaboration) Guangzhou, Dec 2010 OQ2 Issues regarding knowledge and belief How should mismatches in knowledge between Speaker and Hearer be modelled? GRE so far has kept epistemic operators implicit: all the information in the crucial part of the KB was “shared”. What if S and H differ? Guangzhou, Dec 2010 OQ2 Issues regarding mutual knowledge Two instances of this problem Litman’s airport scenario: What do you say to someone who needs to pick up a person from an airport? (Speaker does not know who the distractors are.) Roman Kutlak’s “reference to famous people” scenario: Someone asks “Who is Chu Enlai?”, or “Who is Nelson Mandela?” What should you say? (Who are the distractors? What is their salience?) Guangzhou, Dec 2010 Relevant to the simplifications made by current GRE algorithms. E.g.: “The king of France” (Frege/Russell/Strawson) “Whoever it will be, the winner of this year’s Tour de France will be less proud than last year’s winner” “The winner of the lottery may win 20 million”