Natural Language Processing WVU Statler College自然语言处理西弗吉尼亚大学斯塔特勒大学.pptVIP

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Natural Language Processing WVU Statler College自然语言处理西弗吉尼亚大学斯塔特勒大学.ppt

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Natural Language Processing WVU Statler College自然语言处理西弗吉尼亚大学斯塔特勒大学

Natural Language Processing Spring 2007 V. “Juggy” Jagannathan Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing By Christopher Manning Hinrich Schutze Chapter 1 Introduction January 8, 2007 Linguistic vs StatisticRationale for a statistical approach Linguistic approaches that attempt to parse language based on grammar have failed Edward Saphir famous quote: “All grammars leak” Statistical approaches have been shown to be practical to look at “What are the common patterns that occur in language use” Rationalist vs Empiricist Sort of the difference between “nature” and “nurture” Rationalist: Innate intelligence of humans is inherited and hence computational system must be loaded with pre-knowledge to be effective Empiricist: Lot can be learned through examining actual use of language – and hence statistical approaches that learn from “corpus” are germane. Corpus – a body of text Corpora – a collection of texts Scientific content: Questions that linguistics should answer What kinds of things do people say? What do these things say/ask/request about the world? Traditional linguistic approach Competence grammar and grammaticality determination But this is hard… trying to determine whether sentences are grammatical or not. Some examples in page 10 – next page Some examples of sentences Non-categorical phenomena in language Language usage changes with time Some words defy categorization into rigid linguistic boundaries Example of “near” which can be an adjective, adverb or both simultaneously Example of change: kind of and sort of Language usage change can be better tracked using statistical NLP approaches Language and cognition as probabilistic phenomena One view of the world – the Chomsky line of thinking is that probability and statistics are inappropriate for determining “grammaticality” and understanding the “meaning” of sentences. The viewpoint with statistical NLP is that “grammar” is not necessarily relevant to understand and develop practical solutions Som