Newtons Laws powerpoint牛顿定律的PowerPoint.pptVIP

Ch 12 Notes * Universal Law of Gravity All objects in the universe attract each other by the force of gravity. Universal Law of Gravity Gravity varies depending on two factors: 1) the mass of the object doing the pulling, and 2) the distance from the center of that object On Earth gravity = 9.8 m/s/s= Acceleration For every second that an object falls its speed increases by 9.8 m/s Weight= Mass (m) X gravity (g) Unit of mass = kg Unit of acceleration = m/s/s Unit of weight = Newton 1 Newton= about ? pound The Apple the Moon Isaac Newton realized that the motion of a falling apple and the motion of the Moon were both actually the same motion, caused by the same force - the gravitational force. Universal Gravitation Newton’s idea was that gravity was a universal force acting between any two objects. At the Earth’s Surface Newton knew that the gravitational force on the apple equals the apple’s weight, mg, where g = 9.8 m/s2. W = mg Universal Gravitation From this, Newton reasoned that the strength of the gravitational force is not constant, in fact, the magnitude of the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the objects. Universal Gravitation Newton concluded that the gravitational force is: Directly proportional to the masses of both objects. Inversely proportional to the distance between the objects. Inverse Square Law Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation is often called an inverse square law, since the force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. Experimental Evidence The Law of Universal Gravitation allowed extremely accurate predictions of planetary orbits. Action at a Distance In Newton’s time, there was much discussion about HOW gravity worked - how does the Sun, for instance, reach across empty space, with no actual contact at all, to exert a force on the Earth? This spooky notion was called “action at a distance.” The Gravitational Field During the 19th century, the notion of the “field” entered phy