Objects First With Java Chapter 4第一章4 java对象.pptVIP

SW08 - Object-Oriented Programming and Principles ? M. K?lling, University of Southern Denmark Grouping objects Collections and iterators Main concepts to be covered Collections Loops Iterators Arrays The requirement to group objects Many applications involve collections of objects: Personal organizers. Library catalogs. Student-record system. The number of items to be stored varies. Items added. Items deleted. A personal notebook Notes may be stored. Individual notes can be viewed. There is no limit to the number of notes. It will tell how many notes are stored. Explore the notebook1 project. Class libraries Collections of useful classes. We don’t have to write everything from scratch. Java calls its libraries, packages. Grouping objects is a recurring requirement. The java.util package contains classes for doing this. Object structures with collections Adding a third note Features of the collection It increases its capacity as necessary. It keeps a private count (size() accessor). It keeps the objects in order. Details of how all this is done are hidden. Does that matter? Does not knowing how prevent us from using it? Using the collection Index numbering Retrieving an object Removal may affect numbering Review Collections allow an arbitrary number of objects to be stored. Class libraries usually contain tried-and-tested collection classes. Java’s class libraries are called packages. We have used the ArrayList class from the java.util package. Review Items may be added and removed. Each item has an index. Index values may change if items are removed (or further items added). The main ArrayList methods are add, get, remove and size. Iteration We often want to perform some actions an arbitrary number of times. E.g., print all the notes in the notebook. How many are there? Most programming languages include loop statements to make this possible. Java has three sorts of loop statement. We will focus on its while loop. While loop pseudo code A Java example Iterating ove