Optimality Theory and Pragmatics huberlin最优性理论与语用学柏林.pptVIP

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Optimality Theory and Pragmatics huberlin最优性理论与语用学柏林.ppt

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Optimality Theory and Pragmatics huberlin最优性理论与语用学柏林

How much precision is enough? From the land of bankers and watchmakers. Pedantic and helpful answers. A: The distance between Amsterdam and Vienna is one thousand kilometers.B: #No, you’re wrong, it’s nine hundred sixty-five kilometers. A: The distance between A and V is nine hundred seventy-two kilometers.B: No, you’re wrong, it’s nine hundred sixty-five kilometers. A: The distance between A and V is one thousand point zero kilometers.B: No, you’re wrong, it’s nine hundred sixty-five kilometers. A: Her phone number is sixty-five one thousand.B: No, her phone number is sixty-five one-thousand and one. The distance between A and V is roughly one thousand kilometers.The distance between A and V is exactly one thousand kilometers. The distance between A and V is exactly nine hundred sixty-five kilometers.#The distance between A and V is roughly nine hundred sixty-five kilometers. Precision level and rounded numbers Precision Level Choice: When expressing a measurement of an entity, choose a precision level that is adequate for the purpose at hand. Oddness explained: Change in precision level.A: The distance between Amsterdam and Vienna is one thousand kilometers.B: #No, you’re wrong, it’s nine hundred sixty-five kilometers. Round Numbers / Round Interpretations (RN/RI) Short, simple, round numbers suggest low precision levels.Long, complex numbers suggest high precision levels. The distance between Amsterdam and Vienna is one thousand kilometers.Low precision level, vague interpretation. The distance between Amsterdam and Vienna is nine hundred sixty-five kilometers.High precision level, precise interpretation. Question:How to explain RN/RI by more general pragmatic principles? A Preference for Short Expressions Economy of language use: George K. Zipf (1949), Principle of the least effort. H. P. Grice (1967), Maxime of Manner: Be brief! Atlas Levinson (1981), Horn (1984), Levinson (2000): I-Principle, Produce the minimal linguistic i