Origins of Cultivated Plants Mike Morales栽培植物起源莫拉莱斯.pptVIP

Origins of Cultivated Plants Chapter 2 Why were plants domesticated? Steady food source. Higher TDN Storage Methods of Domestication Seed or sexual propagation Cereal grain among the first Shattering Vs non-shattering types Plant close together Seed dormancy Selection pressures Two main Regions Old World = Asia and Asia Minor Fertile Crescent = eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea and Central Asia New World = Central Mexico to Chile Domestication of Plants 8000 – 9000 B.C. evidence of agricultural villages. Radio carbon dating suggests 5000 – 6000 B.C. Africa – 4000 B.C. Chinese 4000 B.C. New Crops and New Uses American farmers produce highest yields in the world. Develop new crops and new markets The Big Four Rice Wheat Corn Potatoes Rice Feeds over half of the world There are 25 species Mutations and hybrid response for improvements Short, medium and long Wheat White Red Hybrids has increased vigor Hard to increase yields because of self pollination Corn Cultures based on corn Corn mutates easily Important for its color size and shape Hybrid corn in 1930’s Potato When planted from seed much different from parents Selection/tuber division Seed “tubers” Hatch Act of 1887 Experiment stations at each of the land-grand colleges. Davis Berkley Surplus Marketing Plans Produce the think about selling. Germ Plasm Introduction-new plant materials Maintenance-banks and collections Evaluation- screening and tests Distribution-made free of charge to scientists Why Protect our germ plasm * * *