Pathways for Sustainable Sanitation Achieving the Millennium实现千年可持续卫生的途径.pptVIP

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Pathways for Sustainable Sanitation Achieving the Millennium实现千年可持续卫生的途径.ppt

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Pathways for Sustainable Sanitation Achieving the Millennium实现千年可持续卫生的途径

Sanitation Definitions Improved Sanitation (UN) flush or pour-flush toilet/latrine to: piped sewer system septic tank pit latrine ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine pit latrine with slab composting toilet (ecosan) Unimproved Sanitation Facilities Flush or pour-flush to street, yard, plot, open sewer, ditch or drainage way Pit latrine without slab Open pit Bucket Hanging toilet or latrine No facilities, bush, field (open defecation) Sustainable Sanitation Sustainable sanitation goes beyond ”improved” and focuses on systems that protect and promote human health by providing a clean environment and breaking the cycle of disease are economically viable, socially acceptable, and technically and institutionally appropriate protect the environment and natural resources can involve a wide selection of technologies Ecological Sanitation source separation of urine faeces and even greywater containment of each product sanitisation and treatment recycling of the nutrients, humus and water to soil and agricultural systems Opportunities for Alternative Solutions Humans produce only 50 L of faeces and 500 L of urine per year per person A normal flush toilet uses an additional 15,000 L of drinking water per person per year The greywater from kitchens and bathrooms adds an additional 35,000 L per person per year Mixing the above and adding storm water makes centralised sewage systems often unaffordable for poor cities Source separation allows for the development of new sustainable alternatives These are being tested in small towns at present within the EcoSanRes Programme and other international programmes Mexico - Tepoztlan Burkina Faso Zimbabwe - Harare India – Trichy, TN (Scope) South Africa - Kimberley China-Sweden Erdos Ecotown Project Call for Action – Some Key Questions is there a national sanitation policy? are national targets in line with the MDG target? what weighting is given to sanitation in the PRSP? is there a sector investment plan? is there a single body t