Petrochemical Processes kau石油化工流程九.sa.pptVIP

Petrochemical Processes Chapter three Crude Oil Processing and Production of Hydrocarbon Intermediates Petrochemical Feedstocks The refinery products are: naphtha; gas oil and catalytic cracker gases. NOTE: In oil industry: gasoline fraction In petrochemical industry, naphtha is the petroleum fraction that boils between 20-80oC. Naphtahas: mix of alkanes, cycloalaknes and aromatic hydrocarbons. Gas oils are mix of have the same components but with higher molecular weights. Gas oils are used in place of naphtha as a feedstocks for ethylene manufacture. In USA, large scale cracking : cracker gases are the precursors fro production of propylene and butenes. In Europe and Japan, small scale cracking: cracker gases are sources fro ethylene. Kerosine: chemical feedstock, manufacture of ethylene The Basic building Block Processes Petrochemical industry is based on intermediates. Known Petrochemical Processes: Thermal cracking; catalytic cracking and steam reforming. Thermal Cracking Also known as steam cracking, is used for manufacture of ethylene. Feedstocks: ethane, propane, naphtha and gas oils. When ethane is cracked ? ethylene Propane ? propene + co-product Naphtha and gas oil ? propylene, butene, butadiene and aromatic compounds. Catalytic reforming Used for making BTX. Feeedstck: naphtha Steam reforming Used for producing a mix of CO and H2. Intermediate for making NH3, CH3OH Petrochemical Process Technology Petrochemical processes are normally Continuous Processes; the raw materials are continuously fed into the plant so as the products. Petrochemical plant would have one or more reaction systems. C6H6 + C2H4 ? C6H5C2H5 ? C6H5CH=CH2 + H2 Introduction Hydrocarbon intermediates are obtained by subjecting crude oil to various processing schemes. Primary distillation ? simple fractions ? used as fuels Small % of these fractions ? 2ry raw materials (intermediates) for production of olefins, diolefins and aromatics. Further reaction may be required for other t