P H I L O S O P H Y Cengage Learning EducationP h i l s p h y圣智学习出版公司教育.pptVIP

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2017-03-08 发布于上海
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P H I L O S O P H Y Cengage Learning EducationP h i l s p h y圣智学习出版公司教育.ppt

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P H I L O S O P H Y Cengage Learning EducationP h i l s p h y圣智学习出版公司教育

CHAPTER SIX: TRUTH CHAPTER SIX: TRUTH CHAPTER SIX: TRUTH P H I L O S O P H Y A Text with Readings ELEVENTH EDITION M A N U E L V E L A S Q U E Z CHAPTER SIX: TRUTH P H I L O S O P H Y Knowledge is at least warranted, true belief, but Gettier examples show that something more is required for genuine knowledge. CHAPTER SIX: TRUTH P H I L O S O P H Y Warrantability is another name for justification or evidence. CHAPTER SIX: TRUTH P H I L O S O P H Y Warrantability depends on whether the statement to be analyzed is logical, semantic, or empirical. CHAPTER SIX: TRUTH P H I L O S O P H Y The three traditional theories of truth are the correspondence, coherence, and pragmatic theories. CHAPTER SIX: TRUTH P H I L O S O P H Y The correspondence theory of truth claims that the truth of a statement depends on its relation to the world of facts. A statement is true if and only if it corresponds to the facts. Objection: If we know only our sensory experiences, how can we ever get outside them to verify what reality actually is? What does correspondence mean? Precisely what is a fact? CHAPTER SIX: TRUTH P H I L O S O P H Y The coherence theory of truth claims that the truth of a statement depends on its relation to other statements. A statement is true if and only if it coheres or fits in with that system of statements that we already accept. Objection: Coherence is no guarantee of truth. If the first statements are false, they can produce a coherent system of consistent error. There is much disagreement even among idealists over first judgments. CHAPTER SIX: TRUTH P H I L O S O P H Y The pragmatic theory claims that truth depends on what works. A statement is true if and only if it effectively solves a practical problem and thereby experientially satisfies us. The pragmatist sees the human as needing to use the practical consequences of beliefs to determine their truth and validity. Objection: Theres no necessary connection between truth and workability. Truth is rendered a