Pacific Northwest CSU, Chico西北太平洋CSU奇科.pptVIP

Pacific Northwest Geography 1500-200 miles long Only 100 miles wide Rich marine and forest biome Redwood and cedars common Surprisingly warm coastal water Bounded by coast range to the east Subsistence Primarily marine (HG) Halibut Whale Salmon Sturgeon Eulachon (smelt) aka candlefish But also… Otter Seal Deer Bear Mountain Goat Other forest animals Technology Utilized available woods to the extreme Boxes Totem Poles Plankhouses Clothing and Hats Masks Dugout Canoes Social Organization Not bands as one might expect Dense, sedentary population Organized at the “Kon” Central village and its controlled area Could conflict with same “tribe” if they were in a different Kon Violating could lead to war, death, or slavery Kon leadership by multiple clan chiefs Leadership based on heritage and wealth Leads to a ranked society Social Organization Further organized in exogamous clans and moieties Matrilineal in the north More patrilineal in the south Moieties were Raven and Eagle (north) Raven and Wolf in the south Rights of access to resources to clans, personal/intellectual property to individuals Clan property marked by totem poles, could also be erected to mark offenses (shame poles) Homes (plankhouses) owned by the clan Social Organization Patrilocal and avuncolocal residency Daily life handled at the extended household level Clan chiefs organize their clan’s labor for major salmon runs, etc. Beliefs Animatism and animism common Individuals gain power, male or female, through visions and demonstration Shamanism only, no priests Some specialized societies of shamans, e.g. Hamatsa cannibals Elaborate performances Languages Northern: Athabascan Central: Salishan and Wakashan (isolates) Southern: Salishan and Penutian, some Athabascan Additional Issues Potlatches: Why and What Funerary Birth Death Status Change Leveling Redistribution Affirmation Alliances Outlawed reinstated Plateau Plateau: area of integrations Riverine settlement: large winter villages in the river va