Oxidation Reduction Electrochemistry Winona氧化与还原电化学薇诺娜.pptVIP

Oxidation ReductionElectrochemistry BLB 11th Chapters 4, 20 Chapter Summary Oxidation and Reduction (redox) – introduced in chapter 4 Oxidation Numbers Electron-transfer Balancing redox reaction Electrochemical cells Corrosion Electrolysis 21.1, 4.4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Oxidation Loss of electrons Increase in oxidation number Gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen Reduction Gain of electrons Decrease in oxidation number Loss of oxygen or gain of hydrogen Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) → Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s) Oxidizing agent or oxidant – reactant that contains the element being reduced; is itself reduced Reducing agent or reductant – reactant that contains the element being oxidized; is itself oxidized Oxidation Numbers (p. 137) Assign according to the following order: Atoms zero (since neutral) Ions equal to charge of the ion Nonmetals O ?2 H +1 (when bonded to other nonmetals) ?1 (when bonded to metals) F ?1 X ?1 except when combined with oxygen Sum of the oxidation numbers equals zero or the charge of the polyatomic ion. Oxidation numbers practice O2 CH4 NO3ˉ CH3OH Cr2O72- CH2O Cu2+ OClˉ Redox Reactions Combustion, corrosion, metal production, bleaching, digestion, electrolysis Metal oxidation Activity Series (Table 4.5, p. 141) Some metals are more easily oxidized and form compounds than other metals. Displacement reaction – metal or metal ion is replaced through oxidation A + BX → AX + B 20.2 Balancing Redox Reactions Goal: Balance both the atoms and the electrons Examples: Al(s) + Zn2+(aq) → Al3+(aq) + Zn(s) MnO4ˉ(aq) + Clˉ(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + Cl2(g) The Rules (p. 847) In acidic solution: Divide into half-reactions. Balance all elements but H and O. Balance O with H2O. Balance H with H+. Balance charge with electrons (e-). Cancel out electrons by integer multiplication. Add half reactions cancel out. Check balance of elements and charge. MnO4ˉ(aq) + Clˉ(aq) → Mn2+(aq) + Cl2(g) CH3OH(aq) + Cr2O72-(aq) → CH2