Physical Chemical Properties of Matter物质的物理和化学性质.pptVIP

Physical Chemical Properties of Matter Physical Properties Physical property – any characteristic that can be observed without changing the composition of the substance Examples of Physical Properties Viscosity – a liquids resistance to flowing High viscosity = thicker, slower flow Conductivity – ability to allow heat to flow Metals – high conductivity Nonmetals – low conductivity Malleability – ability to be shaped with a hammer Metals = malleable Nonmetals = nonmalleable (brittle) Hardness Examples, cont. Melting point – temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid (Still same substance) Boiling point – temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas (Still same substance) Density = mass/volume (“heavy” vs “light”) Using Physical Properties Used to identify unknown materials Ex: used in forensics to solve crimes Used to choose appropriate material for a job Used to separate mixtures Filtration – separates materials based on particle size (best with heterogeneous mixtures) Distillation – separate solutions based on boiling points Chemical Properties Chemical property – produces a change in the composition of the matter Chemical Properties Flammability – material’s ability to burn in the presence of oxygen Reactivity – ability to combine chemically with another substance Recognizing Chemical Changes A change in color (brief video) Production of a gas (bubbles video) Formation of a precipitate (brief precipitation video) Precipitate – a solid that forms and separates from a liquid Physical vs Chemical Change Physical change – occurs when some properties of a material changes, but substances in the material stays the same Example: melting of ice Chemical change – substance reacts and forms a new substance Example: rusting of a nail