Physical Science Goal 5物理科学目标5.pptVIP

* * * * * * Physical Science Goal 5 Structure and Properties of Matter Competency Goal 5: The learner will build an understanding of the structure and properties of matter. Objectives 5.01 Develop an understanding of how scientific processes have led to the current atomic theory. Daltons atomic theory. J.J. Thomsons model of the atom. Rutherfords gold foil experiment Bohrs planetary model. Electron cloud model. 5.02 Examine the nature of atomic structure: Protons. Neutrons. Electrons. Atomic mass. Atomic number. Isotopes. 5.03 Identify substances through the investigation of physical properties: Density. Melting point. Boiling point. Subatomic Particle Relative Mass Charge Where Found Proton 1 +1 In Nucleus Neutron 1 0(neutral) In Nucleus Electron 0 -1 Outside nucleus in electron cloud 3 Parts of the Atom: Each energy level can hold a specific # of electrons: John Dalton: early 1800’s JJ Thomson--1897 Thomson discovered the electron!!! Plum Pudding Model But the atom is Neutral!!!! Ernest Rutherford--1908 Rutherford discovered the nucleus!!! Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment Rutherford’s Atomic Model Notice 2 things: Atom is made up of mostly empty space. Electrons are scattered randomly! Neils Bohr--1913 Nucleus Electrons Bohr Model of the Atom The Bohr Model has the following features: There is a nucleus(Rutherford’s Discovery) The electrons move about the nucleus in “stationary, stable states”(later referred to as orbits)! Democritus/Dalton Atomic Number Chemical Symbol Element Average Atomic Mass Atomic # # of protons in an atom In a neutral Atom, # of protons=# of electrons *Atomic # of a given element will never change, therefore, the # of protons of an element will never change. Mass Number Sum of the protons and neutrons Closest whole # to the Avg. Atomic Mass(from periodic table) EX) Oxygen Avg. Atomic Mass = 15.999 Therefore, Mass # = 16 Average Atomic Mass Mass of atom in Atomic Mass Units Given on periodic table as average mass