PLASTIC DEFORMATION Department of Mechanical 塑性变形机械系.pptVIP

PLASTIC DEFORMATION Dislocations and their role in plastic deformation What are dislocations? Dislocations are line defects that exist in metals There are two types of dislocations: edge and screw The symbol for a dislocation is The dislocation density in annealed metals is normally r = 106/cm2 Types of dislocations How does a dislocation move? Stress field of a dislocation Analog to an electric charge Modes of deformation Slip Twinning Shear band formation Slip Dislocations move on a certain crystallographic plane: slip plane Dislocations move in a certain crystallographic direction: slip direction The combination of slip direction and slip plane is called a slip system Slip….. Slip planes are normally close-packed planes Slip directions are normally close-packed directions Slip systems Dislocation interaction Positive-positive dislocation interaction Results in more stress to move dislocations (or cause plastic deformation):called work hardening This type of interaction also leads to dislocation multiplication which leads to more interactions and more work hardening Twinning Common in hcp and bcc structures Limited deformation but help in plastic deformation in hcp and bcc crystals Occurs on specific twinning planes and twinning directions Compare slip and twinning Shear band formation Limited non-homogeneous deformation Very large localized strain e~1 or 100% Occurs especially under high strain rates Mechanism of deformation still unclear Plastic deformation ?movement of dislocations Strengthening methods Cold working Deformation at temperatures below 0.4 Tm Dislocation density increases from 106/cm2 to 1010-12/cm2 High dislocation density results in a large number of dislocation interactions which results in high strength and hardness Solid solution strengthening Interaction between stress fields of alloy atoms and dislocations This is the purpose of alloying Grain size refinement Small grains result in higher strength Small grains is equivalent to a