PowerPoint Electronegativity, OilWater, Element PowerPoint的电负性、油水、元.pptVIP

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PowerPoint Electronegativity, OilWater, Element PowerPoint的电负性、油水、元.ppt

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PowerPoint Electronegativity, OilWater, Element PowerPoint的电负性、油水、元

Electronegativity The basic units: ionic vs. covalent Ionic compounds form repeating units. Covalent compounds form distinct molecules. Consider adding to NaCl(s) vs. H2O(s): Holding it together Q: Consider a glass of water. Why do molecules of water stay together? A: there must be attractive forces. I’m not stealing, I’m sharing unequally We described ionic bonds as stealing electrons In fact, all bonds share – equally or unequally. Note how bonding electrons spend their time: Electronegativity Recall that electronegativity is “a number that describes the relative ability of an atom, when bonded, to attract electrons”. The periodic table has electronegativity values. We can determine the nature of a bond based on ?EN (electronegativity difference). ?EN = higher EN – lower EN NBr3: ?EN = 3.0 – 2.8 = 0.2 (for all 3 bonds). Basically: a ?EN below 0.5 = covalent, 0.5 - 1.7 = polar covalent, above 1.7 = ionic Determine the ?EN and bond type for these: HCl, CrO, Br2, H2O, CH4, KCl Electronegativity Answers HCl: 3.0 – 2.1 = 0.9 polar covalent CrO: 3.5 – 1.6 = 1.9 ionic Br2: 2.8 – 2.8 = 0 covalent H2O: 3.5 – 2.1 = 1.4 polar covalent CH4: 2.5 – 2.1 = 0.4 covalent KCl: 3.0 – 0.8 = 2.2 ionic Electronegativity physical properties Electronegativity can help to explain properties of compounds like those in the lab. Why oil and water don’t mix Lets take a look at why oil and water don’t mix (oil is non-polar, water is polar) Chemical Symbols of Common Elements Prepare a chart in your notes … Mnemonics Mnemonics are ways to help you remember Used by A students and experts They are often rhymes or visual connections E.g. “Thirty days has September, April, June and November, all the rest have 31” Or using your knuckles to remember months Iron (Fe) … Iron ? strong ? opposite is feeble ? Fe A bad mnemonic for Cu is a copper cup (any metal can be made into a cup) A good mnemonic is a cup full of pennies It may seem like more to know, but it works Best Mnemonics S