PowerPoint Presentation FRACTIONAL DISTILLATIONPowerPoint演示文稿精馏.pptVIP

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PowerPoint Presentation FRACTIONAL DISTILLATIONPowerPoint演示文稿精馏.ppt

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PowerPoint Presentation FRACTIONAL DISTILLATIONPowerPoint演示文稿精馏

FRACTIONAL DISTILLATION ORG I LAB Dr. W. J. KELLY THE BOILING POINT The Boiling Point is the temperature at which internal vapor pressure of the liquid is equal to the pressure exerted by its surroundings If the liquid is open to the atmosphere, the boiling point is the temperature at which the internal vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to atmospheric pressure (~760 mm Hg). The internal vapor pressure of a pure liquid rises steadily as the temperature is increased until the boiling point is reached. P μ e -C/T The temperature remains constant throughout the boiling process of a pure liquid. At the boiling point, the liquid and vapor are in equilibrium...if the composition of each phase remains constant, the temperature will remain constant THE TEMP/TIME RELATIONSHIP A thermometer placed in the vapor of a boiling pure liquid registers the liquids boiling point. The temperature remains constant throughout the boiling process of a pure liquid. At the boiling point, the liquid and vapor are in equilibrium...if the composition of each phase remains constant, the temperature will remain constant The temperature of a liquid mixture AB, where BPABPB will rise steadily over time. The composition of the liquid and vapor in equilibrium changes constantly over time. At the beginning the vapor contains more A, at the end more B. Raoult’s Law For a mixture of two miscible liquids (A and B), the total vapor pressure is the sum of the individual vapor pressures: Ptotal = PA + PB where PA = NAliquid x P?A And PB = NBliquid x P?B where P?A is the vapor pressure of pure A and P?B is the vapor pressure of pure B and NAliquid is the mole fraction of A and NBliquid is the mole fraction of B where NAliquid = moles A/moles A + B and NBliquid = moles B/moles A +B Vapor Enrichment From Raoult’s Law we can obtain the following relationships: NAvapor = P?A/PT And NBvapor = P?B/PT If A is more volatile than B, BPA BPB and P?A P?B Then NAvapor NAliquid The result of th