Plant Transport wou植物的运输工具.pptVIP

The top of a leaf is exposed to the sun and wind. The bottom of a leaf is protected. Where should you find the most stomata? Top surface Bottom surface Suppose you were testing transpiration in trees on a warm, humid summer day, and again on a windy day when the air is dry. How would transpiration on these two days differ? W O R K T O G E T H E R Sugar Transport The trouble with phloem Phloem tissue is living tissue, unlike xylem. When scientists studying how it works cut into it, the plants responded by plugging up the phloem. Aphid helpers But aphids can pierce phloem tissue and suck out sap without any problem. Scientists used aphids to study the flow of sap in phloem. Sap Sap consists of sugar dissolved in water at high concentrations: usually between 10% and 25%. Since this is highly concentrated, plants have to use active transport to work against a diffusion gradient as part of the sap-moving process. Pressure-flow theory The pressure-flow theory explains how sap moves in a plant from source to sink: Sugars begin at a source and are pumped into phloem tube cells. Osmosis moves water into the cells and raises pressure. Pressure moves the sap. Pressure flow 1 The leaf is a source of sugar, since it makes sugar by photosynthesis. Glucose and fructose made by photosynthesis are linked to make sucrose, which does not move easily through the cell membranes. Why is this important? Pressure-flow 2 Active transport is used to load sucrose into phloem tubes against a diffusion gradient. As sugar is loaded into the cell, what else moves in on its own? What will happen to the pressure in the cell? Pressure-flow 3 The high concentration of sucrose in the sieve tube cells of the phloem causes water to move in by osmosis, which raises pressure in the cell. What happens to the sap? Pressure-flow 4 A developing fruit is one example of a sink. Sucrose may be actively transported out of phloem into the fruit cells. In a root, sucrose is converted into starch, which keeps sug