Plants College of Science Engineering植物科学与工程学院.pptVIP

Continuing Trends in Plant Evolution Ultimate reduction of water-dependent gametophyte double fertilization Vascular tissue – improved more Herbaceous habit Secondary compounds Flowers – more efficient pollen Fruits – seed dispersal Flowers fruits Flowers attract encourage pollinators Fruits aid in dispersal of seeds Flowers fruits Flower a major advancement Flower parts are modified leaves Sepals – protect flower in bud Petals – attract pollinators Stamens – produce pollen Pistil(s) – produce and protect ovules Fruit develops from ovary Flower Flowering plant life cycle Evolution of flower fruit First fossils: late Jurassic period of Mesozoic era Diversified during Cenozoic era Coevolution with pollinators Flowering plants survey “Angiosperms” (= covered seed) Phylum Anthophyta Magnolias – primitive Monocots – grasses, palms, lilys, etc. Eudicots – everything else Monocots * Green: all these are in sporophyte Pistil Fruit Ovary Ovule ♀ Pollen grain ♂ Fertilization (double) Gametophytes Seed dispersal germination Meiosis Meiosis Sporophyte Orchid Fruits Magnolia Grass family, Andropogon Oriental lily Pear Pyrus Eudicot Vaccinium deliciosum Eucalyptus Largest flower Rafflesia and friends Smallest flower Water Meal, Wolffia What does this pollinate??? Large, hairy bee fly from Stehekin Most advanced flowers show many adaptations to attracting pollinators Fruits aid in dispersal of seeds – animals, wind, water Eucalyptus (strictly an Australian plant) may be the tallest plant Rafflesia – largest single flower (up to 3 ft. diameter) – Summatra Wolffia – smallest flowering plant - Florida Grasses are dominant plants in the praries You do not need to know the details of this life cycle. Just, where are the gametophytes and sporophyte? Angiosperms first evolved in the late Jurassic Period (when much of the southern part of Gondwana was still together). They were thought to have evolved in highland mountains of central Gondwana (parts of what are now