Plantwide control Towards a systematic procedure对全厂控制系统程序.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * LOCATION OF SENSORS Location flow sensor (before or after valve or pump): Does not matter from consistency point of view Locate to get best flow measurement Before pump: Beware of cavitation After pump: Beware of noise Etc. Location of pressure sensor (before or after valve, pump or compressor): Important from consistency point of view Often optimal: Locate TPM at bottleneck! A bottleneck is a unit where we reach a constraints which makes further increase in throughput infeasible If feed is cheap and available: Located TPM at bottleneck (dynamic reasons) If the flow for some time is not at its maximum through the bottleneck, then this loss can never be recovered. Single-loop alternatives for bottleneck control Bottleneck. Want max flow here Alt.1. Feedrate controls bottleneck flow (“long loop”…): FC Fmax Alt. 2: Feedrate controls lost task (another “long loop”…): Fmax Alt. 3: Reconfigure all upstream inventory loops: Fmax Traditional: Manual control of feed rate TPM TPM TPM TPM May move TPM to inside recycle loop to avoid snowballing Example: Eastman esterification process Alcohol recycle Alcohol + water + extractive agent (e) Ester product Reach max mass transfer rate: R increases sharply (“snowballing”) First improvement: Located closer to bottleneck Final improvement: Located “at” bottleneck + TPM is inside “snowballing” loop Follows Luyben’s law 1 to avoid snowballing(modified): “Avoid having all streams in a recycle system on inventory control” Where should we place TPM? TPM = MV used to control throughput Traditionally: TPM = Main feed valve (or pump/compressor) Operators like it. Gives inventory control “in direction of flow” Consider moving TPM if: There is an important CV that could otherwise not be well controlled Dynamic reasons Special case: M