PowerPoint Presentation Wildfire hazardPowerPoint演示文稿野火的危险.pptVIP

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2017-03-08 发布于上海
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PowerPoint Presentation Wildfire hazardPowerPoint演示文稿野火的危险.ppt

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PowerPoint Presentation Wildfire hazardPowerPoint演示文稿野火的危险

Wildfire hazard Assessing the wildfire hazard in Canada Drought Code (fuel flamma-bility) Buildup Index = Fuel availability Fire Weather Index Fire Weather Index Rate of spread (fuel, wind, topo-graphy) Head Fire Intensity = energy output (how hard is it to suppress?) Critical factors in wildfire hazard in coniferous forests: 1. antecedent precipitation Critical factors in wildfire hazard in coniferous forests: 2. humidity of atmosphere BC fire history (1996-2006) Fires in BC and adjacent areas, Aug. 22, 2003 OK Mountain Park Fire Recent major fires in BC Fire management in BC Fire bombers: water vs. retardant Southern California wildfires (October, 2003) Wildfire hazards:Sydney, December 2001 Wildfire hazards (all photos taken from Sydney Morning Herald, Dec. 2001) Homes in fire-prone areas A defensible site A defensible house Fire and slope stability Other weather-related hazards Frost hollows Fog Hail Cold spells Blizzards Freezing rain Frost and fog hollows Frost hollows as crop hazards:Okanogan County, WA. Braking distances increase by a factor of ~10 on black (glare) icedata from California Highway Patrol website Advection fog Advection fog bank, southern Oregon Fog formation by advection,Pacific Northwest coast Fog incidence Fog and road accidents Fog and aircraft safety Fog can cause flight delays, cancellations, and accidents. Some airports (e.g. SFO) and airlines (e.g. Alaska) especially hard-hit. Latter used to lose US $5M/yr as a result of fog-caused problems. New technology (“Fog Buster”) allows pilots to takeoff in 100m visibility, and land in 200m visibility. Hail incidence (days/year) Hail formation Hail formation: feeder clouds and double-vortex thunderstorm Hailstorms, west Texas Hailstones and hail damage Hail damage Hail suppression Hail suppression logistics Results of hail suppression Winter hazards Thermal:human discomfort and diseaseheating costs (10% of Swedish GNP!)damage to crops, buildings, roads, etc. Precipitation:b