PREEXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS wpspreexperimental设计 WPS.prenhall.pptVIP

CHAPTER OVERVIEW Experimental Designs Internal and External Validity and Experimental Design Controlling Extraneous Variables TRUE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH METHODS Allow statements about cause and effect By controlling potential sources of variance The simplest experimental design Randomly selects subjects from population Experimental group梤eceives treatment Control group梔oes not receive treatment EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS Some Yes None Degree of control over extraneous variables? No Yes No Random assignment of treatments to groups? No Yes No Random assignment of subjects to groups? No Yes No Random selection of subjects from a population? Often Always In some cases, but usually not Presence of a control group? Quasi-Experimental Design True Experimental Design Pre-Experimental Design ONE-SHOT CASE STUDY DESIGN Post-Test Treatment Group of Participants Assigned to Only One Group No randomization Post-Test Treatment Pretest Group of Participants Assigned to Only One Group ONE GROUP PRETEST POST-TEST DESIGN Little ability to infer cause Compare same subjects before and after treatment No randomization No control group TRUE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNS Characteristics Random assignment Control group Three typical designs Pretest post-test control group design Post-test only control group design Solomon four-group design PRETEST POST-TEST CONTROL GROUP DESIGN Groups should be equivalent at beginning SO Observed differences must result from treatment Post-test Treatment Pretest Random Assignment of Participants to Experimental or Treatment Group Post-test No Treatment Pretest Random Assignment of Participants to Control Group POST-TEST ONLY CONTROL GROUP DESIGN Use when Sample is sufficient ( 30/group) Pre-testing is not possible Disadvantages If randomization is not effective, groups may not be equivalent Cannot use pretest to assign to groups Post-test Treatment Random Assignment of Participants to Experimental or Tre