Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology SilverCross EMS院前急救药理学 silvercross EMS.pptVIP

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Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology SilverCross EMS院前急救药理学 silvercross EMS.ppt

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Prehospital Emergency Pharmacology SilverCross EMS院前急救药理学 silvercross EMS

Dosage 1 mg IM or IN Powder and saline come in separate vials, must be mixed together first. 50% Dextrose in Water D50W Description Class: Carbohydrate Dextrose is used to describe the six-carbon sugar d-glucose. Principal form of carbohydrate used by the body Mechanism of Action Dextrose supplies supplemental glucose in cases of hypoglycemia. Serious brain injury can occur if hypoglycemia is prolonged. Pharmacokinetics Onset 1 minute Peak effects Variable Duration Variable Half-life N/A Indications/Contraindications Hypoglycemia No major contraindications to the IV administration of D50W to a patient with suspected hypoglycemia Should be used with caution in patients with increased intracranial pressure because the dextrose load may worsen cerebral edema Precautions Obtain a Glucometer reading and draw a sample of blood before giving D50W. Therapy should always be guided by objective data such as patient assessment findings and blood glucose determination. Extravasation may occur when smaller veins are used. Side Effects Tissue necrosis and phlebitis at the injection site Dosage Standard dosage in hypoglycemia is 25 g (50 mL of a 50% solution) IVP Pediatrics 8 years, 2 mL/kg of 50% solution 1 – 8 years 2 mL/kg of 25% solution Infants under 2months 4 mL/kg of 12.5% solution EKG strip o’ the month Ectopic beats! Premature Ventricular Contractions PVC – most common. Early beat, big, wide, bizarre, because the ventricles are big and not used to running the heart very often. QRS often faces different direction than in normal complexes. PVC’s They can look alike (unifocal) or different (multifocal). Two in a row is a couplet. Three is a triplet. More than three is v-tach. A PVC every other beat is bigeminal or bigeminy (see below). Every third beat is trigeminal or trigeminy. Premature Atrial Contractions/PACs PAC – next most common. Early beat, p-wave often looks different than other p-waves because it’s coming from the atria itself instead o