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Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by: David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark. D. Stauffer Chapter 4: Group Work: Theories and Applications Introduction to Group Work, 5th Edition Edited by David Capuzzi, Douglas R. Gross, and Mark D. Stauffer Adlerian Theory/Alfred Adler Major concepts Humanistic: individual/society valued over the organization Holistic: individual is indivisible Phenomenological: focus on individual’s perspective Teleological: future orientation, goal attainment Field theoretical: interaction of social and physical environment Socially oriented: contribution to society Operational: methodology Adlerian Theory/Alfred Adler Motivating forces influencing goals Fictional goals Birth order The family constellation Style of life Adlerian Theory/Alfred Adler Leader Behaviors Establish working relationship and member equality. Serve as models for members. Communicate mutual trust, respect. Help members to: Explore goals, beliefs, feelings, motives Increase insight (fictitious goals, self-defeating behaviors) Accept responsibility Consider alternative lifestyles Enhance social interest Accept self Develop sense of community Explore alternative behaviors Adlerian Theory/Alfred Adler Group stages Develop the therapeutic relationship. Assess the dynamics that operate within individuals. Aid the individual to gain insight and self-understanding. Assist the individual to discover alternatives and new choices. Gestalt Theory/Fritz Perls Major concepts Holistic Field: figure and background Individual responsibility Phenomenological Existential Five layers of neurosis: Cliché, Phony, Impasse, Implosive, Explosive Open-ended approach Individual strives toward equilibrium Gestalt Theory/Fritz Perls Leader Behaviors Establish environment: Leader/members share equally in process of change Supportive, compassionate, accepting, challenging Allow members to find own way in life. Here-and-now focus. Recognize members’ blocks and boundaries.