Properties of Mobile Radio Propagation Channel移动无线电波传播信道的特性.pptVIP

99-09-21 Multipath fading 99-09-21 Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Properties of the Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Jean-Paul M.G. Linnartz Department Head CoSiNe Nat.Lab., Philips Research Statistical Description of Multipath Fading The basic Rayleigh / Ricean model gives the PDF of envelope But: how fast does the signal fade? How wide in bandwidth are fades? The Mobile Radio Propagation Channel Time Dispersion vs Frequency Dispersion Two distinct mechanisms 1.) Time dispersion Time variations of the channel are caused by motion of the antenna Channel changes every half a wavelength Moving antenna gives Doppler spread Fast fading requires short packet durations, thus high bit rates Time dispersion poses requirements on synchronization and rate of convergence of channel estimation Interleaving may help to avoid burst errors 2.) Frequency dispersion Delayed reflections cause intersymbol interference Channel Equalization may be needed. Frequency selective fading Multipath delay spreads require long symbol times Frequency diversity or spread spectrum may help Time dispersion of narrowband signal (single frequency) Doppler shift and Doppler spread Doppler Spectrum Derivation of Doppler Spectrum Vertical Dipole How do systems handle Doppler Spreads? Autocorrelation of the signal Derivation of Autocorrelation of I-Q components For uniform angle of arrival Relation between I and Q phase PDF of the real amplitude R Autocorrelation of amplitude R2 = I2 + Q2 Autocorrelation of amplitude R2 = I2 + Q2 Amplitude r(t0) and Derivative r’(t0) are uncorrelated Simulation of multipath channels Jakes Simulator for narrowband channel generate the two bandpass “noise” components by adding many sinusoidal signals. Their frequencies are non-uniformly distributed to approximate the typical U-shaped Doppler spectrum. N Frequency components are taken at 2p i fi = fm cos -------- 2(2N+1) with i = 1, 2, .., N All amplitudes are tak