Science Olympiad University of North Carolina at 北卡罗来那大学科学奥林匹克运动会.pptVIP

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Science Olympiad University of North Carolina at 北卡罗来那大学科学奥林匹克运动会.ppt

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Science Olympiad University of North Carolina at 北卡罗来那大学科学奥林匹克运动会

Science Olympiad Astronomy C 2007 Joshua Haislip * Shockwaves from distant supernovae or gravity from nearby stars can trigger collapse. Consists of dense regions of molecular hydrogen Pillars are left after ‘erosion’ from the intense ultraviolet radiation of nearby, bright stars Stellar Nurseries around 3.5 light years Evaporating Gaseous Globules Protostars and Protoplanetary Disks 15 times Neptune’s orbit As gas collapses it heats up Before nuclear fusion and hydrostatic equilibrium is achieved, this ball of gas is known as a protostar The disk of swirling dust and gas orbiting this protostar/star is called the protoplanetary disk NICMOS Peers Through Dust to Reveal Young Stellar Disks. A View of IRAS 04302+2247 T Tauri Star Forming System Brown Dwarfs Were not big enough to ignite nuclear fusion Turbulent stellar duds Less that 3% mass of sun TWA 5B Red Dwarfs Slow rate fusion of hydrogen into helium in core Between 8% and 50% the mass of the sun Most common type of star in the galaxy Turbulent interiors Proxima Centauri: closest star to the sun White Dwarf As red dwarf stars use up all of their fuel in the core, they cool down This allows for collapse - they shrink to about the size of the Earth Process takes longer than the age of the Universe - we have never this type of white dwarf Sun-like Star Currently 70% hydrogen, 28% helium, and 2% other metals Fusion of hydrogen into helium is taking place in core 700 million tons of hydrogen are converted to helium each second Red Giant When solar-type stars run out of hydrogen in the core, they cool and begin to collapse Collapsing causes temperature to rise, igniting a shell of hydrogen around the core Star expands over 100 times its original size, core collapses further igniting helium fusion The surface of our sun might swallow the Earth when it becomes a red giant Planetary Nebula After helium is depleted in core, star blows off outer layers leaving behind hotter star High speed stellar winds from the new