Sexual Differentiation Washington State University性别分化华盛顿州立大学.pptVIP

Let’s get to the point – some anatomy Sexual Differentiation Male differentiation – from chromosomal to gonadal sex Step 1: zygote has XY genotype;Y chromosome possesses only a few functional genes, but does have a gene called SRY that codes for testis-determining factor. Step 2: The fetal indifferent gonad has the potential to differentiate either as a testis or an ovary; the activity of SRY causes the medullary portion of the gonad to differentiate as a testis and the cortical portion to degenerate. Y-chromosomal anomalies OY – lethal XYY – “supermale” – taller than average, reduced fertility – possible behavioral issues XXY – Klinefelter’s S. – male body pattern at birth – hypogonadism – weakly masculinizing puberty – infertility, unless the syndrome occurs as a mosaic condition. The embryonic reproductive system is bipotential The primitive gonad is embedded in an embryonic kidney, the mesonephros. In response to the SRY gene, germ cells migrate into the tubules of the mesonephros, while the cortical portion degenerates. From gonadal sex to concordant internal genitalia Of the two tube systems associated with the gonads, the Wolffian system can give rise to the male gland and duct system; the Mullerian system can give rise to the female uterus, Fallopian tubes and inner vagina. Control of internal genital differentiation by the testis involves two separate secretions Under the stimulation of chorionic gonadotropin from the placenta, the testis functions as an endocrine organ, secreting Testosterone, which promotes the growth and differentiation of the Wolffian system into the epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct and prostate. Mullerian inhibiting substance, which abolishes the Mullerian system Differentiation of the external genitalia as male is driven by dihydrotestosterone Target tissues are responsible for converting testosterone to dihydrotestosterone Conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone is catalyzed by 5-alpha reductase.