SEXUAL REPRODUCTION pjteaches有性生殖 pjteaches.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Chapter 4 lesson 1 Part 1 Reproduction of Organisms Why do living things reproduce? Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis What is sexual reproduction, and why is it beneficial? What is the order of the phases of meiosis, and what happens during each phase? Why is meiosis important? sexual reproduction a type of reproduction in which the genetic materials from two different cells combine, producing an offspring. Gamete The cells that combines to form offspring A reproductive cell A sex cell Formed by meiosis In most organisms meiosis produces 1 of 2 types of gametes 2 types of gametes Ova (singular-ovum) - female gametes; female sex cell(book calls them eggs) Sperm - male gametes; male sex cell 2 types of gametes sperm ovum Where are gametes formed? Testes – male reproductive organs Ovaries – female reproductive organs In reproductive organs The female sex cell, an ovum, forms in an ovary. The male sex cell, a sperm, forms in the testis. Fertilization the formation of a zygote from the union of 2 gametes The process when a sperm and an ovum join togther. What is sexual reproduction? (cont.) During a process called fertilization, an ovum cell and a sperm cell join together to create a zygote. Zygote The new cell that forms from fertilization Diploid cells Organisms that reproduce sexually form somatic (body) cells and germ (gametes; sex) cells. In somatic cells of most organisms, similar chromosomes occur in pairs. Diploid cells are cells that have pairs of chromosomes. Diploid cells Pairs of chromosomes that have genes for the same traits arranged in the same order are called homologous chromosomes. Because one chromosome is inherited from each parent, the chromosomes are not identical. Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes. Diploid cells Homologous chromosomes Haploid cells Haploid cells are cells that have only one chromosome from each pair of chromosomes. haploid from Greek haploeides, means “single” Haplo