Sheep and Goat Pox Iowa State University绵羊和山羊痘爱荷华州立大学.pptVIP

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Sheep and Goat Pox Iowa State University绵羊和山羊痘爱荷华州立大学.ppt

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Sheep and Goat Pox Iowa State University绵羊和山羊痘爱荷华州立大学

* Imported breeds of sheep and goats usually develop severe disease when they are moved into an endemic area. European sheep breeds are highly susceptible to the virus and may die before even showing signs of disease. Subclinical cases can occur, but chronic carriers are not seen. Sheep and goat pox viruses cause disease only in these two species. Infections have not been seen in wild ungulates. * Sheep pox and goat pox viruses are usually transmitted by close contact. Inhalation of aerosols containing virus, and contact through abraded skin by fomites or direct contact, are the natural means of transmission. Stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans) may transmit the viruses mechanically, although this is uncommon. Infectious virus is found in all secretions, excretions, and the scabs from skin lesions (pictured above). Contagious aerosols may also be generated from dust that contains pox scabs. (Photo source: USDA) * The incubation period varies from four to 21 days, but it is usually 1 to 2 weeks. All ages of sheep and goats can be affected, however, disease is more severe in young animals. Systemic signs may include fever (104-107.6oF), conjunctivitis, rhinitis, lymphadenopathy, anorexia, and depression. Lung lesions can cause dyspnea (above photo). The mucous membranes can become necrotic, and animals may develop a mucopurulent nasal or ocular discharge (bottom photo). Secondary bacterial infections are common and death can occur at any stage of the disease. Some European breeds of sheep die before the characteristic skin lesions appear. (Photos: USDA) * The first sign of infection is a fever, followed by erythematous macules that develop into hard papules (pictured above). Dark, hard scabs eventually form and may take up to six weeks to heal. Skin lesions can be restricted to the axilla, perineum, and groin, or may cover the entire body. In animals with heavy wool, the lesions can be easier to find by palpation than visual inspection. Mild infections can easily b