Social Psychology solonschools社会心理学的solonschools.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Two men fight for a piece of bread The warden of the prison executes a convicted criminal A boxer gives his opponent a bloody nose A hunter kills an animal and mounts it as a trophy A man viciously kicks a cat The Biology of Aggression Instinctual? Genetic Influences Breeding Twin studies Y chromosome Neural Influences Limbic system - Frontal Lobe Biochemical Influences Hormones Neurotransmitters alcohol amygdala No, varies to much from culture to culture Aggression Theories 1. Aversive Events Frustration-aggression principle – blocking an attempt to achieve a goal creates anger Fight or flight reaction to stress Adverse stimuli – physical pain, insults, high temperatures etc. can create anger Example: pitchers frustrated by batter’s home run, will hit the next player up to bat, or the batter the next time he is a bat 2. Social and cultural influences Reinforcement – experience has taught that aggression pays Aggression higher when: Ostracized, high disparity between rich and poor, minimal father care, stressed Aggression-replacement program – communication skills, anger control, moral reasoning, modeling appropriate behavior Aggression Theories 3. Observing models of aggression sexually explicit media models Rape myth – some women enjoy or invite rape and like it High TV Viewing = Acceptance of myth Greater use of pornography by sex offenders 4. Acquiring Social Scripts Social scripts – mental tapes for how to act provided by our culture i.e. media Example: Sexual scripts or violent scripts obtained from movies and T.V, that are acted out in real life 5. video games and violence Increase arousal, hostility, physical aggressiveness, lower grades Catharsis hypothesis - disconfirmed Figure 14.12 Biopsychosocial understanding of aggression Because many factors contribute to aggressive behavior, there are many ways to change such behavior, including learning anger m