Socrates Plato Massachusetts Institute of Technology苏格拉底与柏拉图麻省理工学院.pptVIP

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Socrates Plato Massachusetts Institute of Technology苏格拉底与柏拉图麻省理工学院.ppt

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Socrates Plato Massachusetts Institute of Technology苏格拉底与柏拉图麻省理工学院

Thinking Thinking is a deeper level of understanding. One moves from the visible world, to the intelligible world of thought. The objects of mathematics, such as numbers, sets, geometric figures and formula make up this level of knowledge. Knowledge Perfect Intelligence- Knowledge of the Forms. At this level of understanding the mind grasp the unity of reality, and the truth that the ideas or Forms are what really exist! Platonic Forms Plato claimed that all physical objects copy the original, unchanging Form. Physical objects are imperfect copies. Like Heraclitus, he held that this reality is constantly changing and shifting. What is true today may be false tomorrow in this world. In the realm of the Forms- truth is eternal. How are Forms related to one another. Forms are related to one another. For Example: Form Animal Form Shape Form Horse Form Circle Particular Horse Particular circle How are Forms related to Particulars Particulars- or Particular objects, partake of the Form. Socrates partakes in the Form Man The clock partakes in circle, clock, numbers… How specific we need to get is a question. Platonic Realism The notion that Forms or Ideas exist in a separate reality is known as Platonic Realism. Universals and Particulars. This is an issue in metaphysics- What is the relationship between ideas and objects. Universals is another name for ideas or concepts. (General terms) Particulars is another name for objects or individual things that we encounter in the world. Ontological Status of Ideas Platonic Realism Exaggerated Realism Conceptualism Extreme Nominalism Platonic Realism Ideas are real. They have independent existence, apart from our thoughts. For Plato Universals have Transcendental existence apart from the particulars that participate. The Form is the cause of the essence of a thing, and the particulars are said to imitate or copy the Forms in an imperfect way. Exaggerated Realism Exaggerated Realism is the notion that Universals exist