Solutions Academic Computer Center解决方案学术计算机中心.pptVIP

Sinex CHM 101 Solutions PGCC CHM 101 Sinex Solutions: homogeneous mixtures Absence of settling Two components (at the least)- Solute – the substance being dissolved Solvent – the dissolving medium usually water – aqueous solution can have multi-solute solutions - seawater Types of solutes Types of solutes Types of solutes Solubility of Solutes in Water * solutions colloids suspensions 1 nm 100 nm -single atoms -small molecules -ions -polyatomic ions -aggregates of atoms, molecules or ions -macromolecules (proteins) -clumps of particles, -mineral grains such as sand Comparison of Solutions, Colloids, and Suspensions solutions colloids suspensions 1 nm 100 nm More Comparison… transparent with Tyndall effect translucent (cloudy) molecular motion Brownian motion- colloidal particles moved by solvent movement by gravity coagulation – can settle never settle transparent (clear) solutions colloids suspensions 1 nm 100 nm Light passage… Passage of light Scattering in beam Scattering in all directions Absorption of light solutions colloids suspensions 1 nm 100 nm -dissolved in water electrolytes (salts) gases glucose -plasma proteins albumins globulins fibrinogen -cellular stuff red blood cells white blood cells platelets Using whole blood as an example… Na+ Cl- Strong Electrolyte - 100% dissociation, all ions in solution high conductivity CH3COOH CH3COO- H+ Weak Electrolyte - partial dissociation, molecules and ions in solution slight conductivity sugar Non-electrolyte - No dissociation, all molecules in solution no conductivity Temperature Solubility, g/100 mL water Most solids (endothermic hydration) Some solids (exothermic hydration) All gases Dissolving process in water Na+ Cl- 1. Overcome attractive forces in solid 2. Hydration of solute Orientation of water molecules around solute Click here for Chime structure Types of attractive forces Na+ Cl- For water: dipole-dipole For NaCl (s): ion-ion For hydrated