Stem and Root Modifications Kirkwood Community 茎和根修改柯克伍德社区.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Stem and Root Modifications Floral Careers Plant Propagation What Exactly is a Stem? Before we go any further in this presentation, let’s define a stem. A stem: is generally considered to be the central axis of the plant. supports the leaves and flowers of a plant. has nodes from which new shoots and sometimes new roots can arise. is usually found above-ground, but can be modified and found below-ground as well. Stem Modifications The following are stem modifications: Tubers Corms Bulbs Rhizomes Stolons Tubers A tuber is an underground stem that stores food. We know a potato is a tuber because it has nodes (eyes) which produce new shoots. A potato is a tuber Corms A corm is a swollen, vertical stem with a papery covering. Gladiolus and Crocus are examples of plants that form corms. Crocus corms Corm Growth Cycle Gladiolus corms with cormels Bulbs Bulbs come in 2 basic types: Tunicate bulbs; onions and tulips are examples. Scaly bulbs; tiger and asiatic lilies are examples. Tunicate Bulbs Tunicate bulbs have: A papery outer covering called a tunic. A compressed, modified stem with nodes, called a basal plate. Fleshy scales made of modified leaf tissue. A tunicate bulb Tunicate Bulbs Fleshy Scales Basal Plate Onion is a tunicate bulb Tunicate Bulbs Tunicate bulbs form “onion rings” when cut in cross-section. Onion bulb shown in cross-section Scaly Bulbs The other type of true bulb is a scaly bulb. Scaly bulbs: Lack a papery covering (tunic). Have a basal plate. Have fleshy scales made of leaf tissue. Do not form “onion rings” when cut in cross-section. Scaly Bulbs Lilium is a scaly bulb Bulb Growth Cycle Rhizomes Rhizomes are: underground stems. horizontally-growing. produce shoots and adventitious roots. Iris rhizome Rhizomes Some plants, like quack grass, produce long, thin rhizomes. Quack Grass Rhizomes Other plants, like ginger, produce large, thick rhizomes called pachymorphs. The pachymorph rhizome of Ginger Stolons S